2026, Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A
In vitro anti-parasitic activity of Enteromorpha intestinalis methanolic extract against Trichomonas gallinae
Author(s): Nagham R Yasser, Ghazwan T Al-Jaber and Sabeeh H Al-Mayah
Abstract: The T. gallinae parasite, which inhabits the upper digestive and respiratory tracts of birds, causes avian trichomoniasis, a disease that poses a significant global threat to human health and livestock. Due to the negative effects of traditional treatments for the disease, such as nitroimidazole or its derivatives, researchers have been exploring more effective alternative therapies, including plant and algae extracts. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the biological efficacy of the methanolic extract of the algae Enteromorpha intestinalis against T. gallinae in vitro. Trophozoites of T. gallinae samples were collected from domestic pigeons and cultured on TYM (Tryptone/Yeast extract/Maltose medium) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. The pH was adjusted to 6.5-7, and the cultures were incubated at 37 °C. Meanwhile, samples of Enteromorpha intestinalis were collected in February 2025 from the Al-Hartha area in Basrah Governorate, Iraq. A methanolic extract was prepared, and five concentrations were made: 5000, 2500, 1250, 625, and 312.5 µg/ml. The chemical compounds of the extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The median lethal concentration (LC50) was determined via Probit analysis. The effectiveness of methanolic extract concentrations was compared with Ranidazole at 75 µg/ml against the Trophozoites of T. gallinae. Results showed that the highest inhibitory activity was observed within 24 hours at 5000 µg/ml, achieving 97.83% parasite killing, while the lowest was at 312.5 µg/ml, with 18.2% killing and significant differences (P = 0.000). The highest killing percentage after 48 hours was at 5000 µg/ml, reaching 98.54%, and the lowest was at 312.5 µg/ml, with 45.00%, and significant differences (P = 0.000). After 72 hours, 5000 µg/ml again achieved 98.62% killing, whereas 312.5 µg/ml resulted in only 75.86%, also significantly different (P = 0.000). The LC50 after 24 hours was 891.25 µg/ml, lowest to 512.87 µg/ml after 48 hours. Based on these findings, the methanolic extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis shows promise as a natural source of compounds capable of inhibiting T. gallinae and as a potential treatment for avian trichomoniasis.
DOI: 10.22271/micro.2026.v7.i1a.294
Pages: 09-14 | Views: 105 | Downloads: 54
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How to cite this article:
Nagham R Yasser, Ghazwan T Al-Jaber, Sabeeh H Al-Mayah. In vitro anti-parasitic activity of Enteromorpha intestinalis methanolic extract against Trichomonas gallinae. J Adv Microbiol Res 2026;7(1):09-14. DOI: 10.22271/micro.2026.v7.i1a.294
