2025, Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part A

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common viral agent causing acute viral hepatitis in developing countries, transmitted mainly through the fecal-oral route. Although they are self-limiting, HEV infection poses a increased risk to pregnant women, particularly in the third trimester leading to fulminant hepatic failure and high maternal and fetal mortality. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence of HEV infection among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic in our tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over 6 months (October 2024-March 2025) at Govt. Stanley Medical College & Hospital, Chennai. A total of 115 pregnant women among all trimesters were included. Demographic and risk factor data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained under sterile aseptic conditions, and serum IgM and IgG anti-HEV antibodies were detected using Indirect ELISA (DIA.PRO kit). Results were interpreted according to manufacturer guidelines.

Results: The overall HEV seroprevalence was 13.04%, with IgM positivity 5.22%, IgG positivity 6.09%, and both IgM/IgG positive 1.74%. The highest seropositivity was seen in 26-30-years of age (60%), among primigravida women (60%), and during the third trimester (44.3%). Several risk factors, including poor sanitation, decreased education, and use of contaminated water sources, were associated with increased HEV seropositivity.

Conclusion: HEV infection remains a significant health problem among pregnant women, particularly during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. As there is no specific treatment and immunoprophylaxis available in India, prevention through health education, improved sanitation, and access to safe drinking water remains the important tool in reducing the maternal morbidity and mortality due to HEV.