2025, Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part C
Microbial toxins: An overview
Author(s): Archita Sarkar, Kumar Ashutosh, Rani Ragini, Kajal Kumari, Oindrilla Mukherjee, Kumari Palak, Ritika Kumari, Manisha Kumari, Shalini Shah, Medha Mishra, Aliza Warsi, Rakesh Kumar and Kumar Anand
Abstract: Food-borne diseases, food deterioration, and the manufacturing of food and food components are all caused by bacteria, yeasts, moulds, and viruses, which makes them vital in food. Worms and protozoa are connected to specific health risks, while a number of algae are linked to both health risks and bioprocessing (single-cell proteins, vitamin sources). Yeasts are not capable of causing food-borne diseases, although some moulds, viruses, and bacteria may be. Since viruses cannot thrive in food, most bacteria, moulds, and yeasts may, increase the likelihood that food will deteriorate.Fermented foods and food components can be used to produce a variety of safe, food-grade or safe bacteria, moulds, and yeasts. It has long been known that a range of pathogenic germs emit soluble antigens, or bacterial toxins, throughout the pathogenesis process. By focussing just on distinct signalling pathways inside the host cell, toxins can balance the capacities of cells and skew the equalisation in the support of microbes. Toxins fascinating behaviour, including their capacity to restrict their effects to a particular target cell and specific chemical capacities, has been better understood thanks to modern knowledge of quality cloning, protein arrangements, three-dimensional crystallographic structures, and poison refinement techniques.Bacterial pathogens continue to evolve and cause a variety of human infections that have plagued society for a long time, even though there are numerous methods to control them in clinical settings, including the use of antimicrobials, vaccinations, and phage therapy. Exotoxins and endotoxins are the two main kinds of toxins that can be delivered by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes. Protein functions including phospholipase, adenylate cyclase, ADP-ribosylation, metalloprotease, protease, and deoxyribonuclease are present in exotoxins, which are produced by a range of bacteria, including Clostridium, Botulinum, and Diphtheria poisons. The vast majority of these microscopic organisms primarily obstruct their harmful effects on the contaminated host by producing toxins. It is still unclear how exactly the bacterial exotoxins function, however it seems to be that they all attach to certain receptors on the susceptible cells plasma membranes, create holes, internalise or move over the membrane barrier, and then secrete the toxin directly.
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How to cite this article:
Archita Sarkar, Kumar Ashutosh, Rani Ragini, Kajal Kumari, Oindrilla Mukherjee, Kumari Palak, Ritika Kumari, Manisha Kumari, Shalini Shah, Medha Mishra, Aliza Warsi, Rakesh Kumar, Kumar Anand. Microbial toxins: An overview. J Adv Microbiol Res 2025;6(1):190-193.
