2024, Vol. 5, Issue 1, Part A
Animal and human tetanus: An overview on transmission, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and control
Author(s): Mahendra Pal, Tesfaye Rebuma, Motuma Regassa and Firaol Tariku
Abstract: Tetanus is a bacterial environmental disease with neurological condition that affects both people and animals, causing spastic paralysis. The disease is prevalent in many countries of the world including India and Ethiopia. Neonatal tetanus is a killer disease that carries high mortality. It affects the people of active age. Source of infection is exogenous as soil and dust serve as a natural habitat of the bacterium. Agricultural workers are at special risk of acquiring the infection because of their contact with soil. The gram-positive, sporulating bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is soil-borne and environmental, produces the toxin that causes tetanus. The majority of the times, the soil contaminated by Clostridium tetani spores causes wound contamination, which produces the disease. Tetanus toxin can harm humans, horses, and sheep, but it can also cause injury to cattle, dogs, and cats. The cost and availability of high-quality protein for human consumption are directly impacted by illnesses that compromise the well-being and productivity of food animals. Diseases contribute to economic losses by diminishing meat, milk, or feed conversion, slowing weight gain, and lengthening the period an animal to stay on the farm before being marketed, in addition to the costs associated with treating sick animals and their deaths. Currently, there is no specific laboratory test available to unequivocally establish the diagnosis of tetanus. However, clinical symptoms, case history, wound presence, and disease development are typically used to make the diagnosis of tetanus in animals. It is frequently challenging to identify Clostridium tetani at the wound site. A formaldehyde-inactivated tetanus toxin vaccination is a method of medical prevention. For tetanus, there is not an effective medication for treatment of disease in animals. Active immunization with tetanus toxoid is considered the best preventive method in humans. Severe complications of disease can be life-threatening. This review focuses on pathogenesis, diagnosis, economic importance, and control of tetanus in animals and humans.
Pages: 22-26 | Views: 159 | Downloads: 68
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How to cite this article:
Mahendra Pal, Tesfaye Rebuma, Motuma Regassa, Firaol Tariku. Animal and human tetanus: An overview on transmission, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and control. J Adv Microbiol Res 2024;5(1):22-26.
