2022, Vol. 3, Issue 1, Part A
In vitro antibacterial activities of Vemonia amygdalina extract on microoganisms isolated from Clarias gariepinus
Author(s): Nwiyi Paul Okechukwu, Nzubechi Acho, Erumaka Ikechi and Enwere Sunday
Abstract: This aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial potential of Vemonia amygdalina leaf extract on common microorganisms that affect Clarias gariepinus. Aqueous and methanol extraction procedures were adopted using sohxelet extractor. Qualitative phytochemical screening was carriedout using the method described by Ogunmefun and co-researchers. Different techniques were use for quantitative determination of phytochemical constituents of leaf extract of V. amygdalina. Simple random sampling technique was employ in sampling. Seventy- two swab samples was collected from different fishes from the six different ponds with an average of twelve samples per pond representing 10% of the total population. The samples were screen for pathogenic microorganisms. Antimicrobial screening of the aqueous and methanolic extracts was carriedout using the agar well diffusion method. The study shows the presence of phenol, tannins, saponin, alkaloids and flavinoid in both methanol and aqueous extraction, with saponin (5.85±5.90mg/g) and tannins (9.51± 9.47mg/g) higher than others for methanol extract. For aqueoes extraction, tannnin (8.30± 8.27mg/g) were more in dominance than other phytochemicals. Five microoganisms were isolated from the fishes and these are; Streptococcus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aureginosa and Salmonella spp. Antimicrobial activity of methanol leaf extract of V. amygdalina at 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml showed zones of inhibition of 8mm and 14mm for Esherichia coli. Staphylococcus aureus at 10mg/ml had 10mm inhibition zone. Escherichia coli presented zone of inhibition of 10mm when 10mg/ml aqueous extract of V. amygdalina was use, while Staphylococcus spp exhibited 8mm zone of inhibition with 5mg/ml of the extract. Extracts of V. amygdalina could be use for the treatment of E. coli and Staphylococcus spp since both organisms were sensitive to the extracts. Pseudomonas aureginosa and Salmonella spp showed zones of inhibition of 7mm and 8mm at 10mg/ml. Minimum inhibitory concentration of V. amygdalina leaf extracts for aqueous and methanol extract of P. aureginosa and Salmonella spp is 10mg/ml.
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How to cite this article:
Nwiyi Paul Okechukwu, Nzubechi Acho, Erumaka Ikechi, Enwere Sunday. In vitro antibacterial activities of Vemonia amygdalina extract on microoganisms isolated from Clarias gariepinus. J Adv Microbiol Res 2022;3(1):15-21.
